Let's get ourselves some SPLUCK!

SPLUCK: an acronym for Skills, Passion, and Luck … traits shared by every successful Innovator and Entrepreneur. 

SKILLS can be learned. There certainly are a basic set of skills that most every innovator and entrepreneur must have ... but, they aren't necessarily the same set of skills for all.

PASSION is something internal to every individual … some have lots of it, others don’t. We can try to motivate passion in others, but it can’t be forced upon them. They either are, or they aren’t. Heredity versus Environment?  Closely related to Passion is Persistence ... someone passionate is usually someone persistent, too.

And then there's LUCK ... serendipity! Win the lottery!! YeeHaa.  So many folks wait for luck to change their lives. But the Innovator and Entrepreneur ... they don't wait for change to happen to them. Nope! They are the change they want to see in the world! They make their own luck!

SPLUCK: Skills, Passion, and LUCK! 

[Jim's TooSense: I was looking for word that would summarize the key traits of successful innovators and entrepreneurs. Many articles written about why they are good at what they do, and there is a diversity of other characteristics, too. But put them all in a big pot, and the big three that surface are Skills, Passion, and Luck. So I just slammed them all together into SPLUCK. And now you know the rest of the story!]

How Much Money Do We Need?

Q: How much money do we really need to get this new venture concept up and running?

A: It is usually not a fixed dollar amount ... most often, it's a range of desired funding versus the time for the venture to become stable (that is, consistently break-even). Too little money and the venture will not survive, too much money and some will likely be wasted.

The optimal amount is a trade-off with the length of time it will take for the venture to become stable (that is, consistently break-even week after week). The management team needs to know what results they can deliver if the investors do pony up the requested level of funding ... and what could happen with less money raised, or more money raised. The results are usually, but not always, a change in the time to become a stable company.

There are a variety of tools, spreadsheets, and more to assist in making financial projections and setting objectives. Here's a good one from SCORE: https://www.score.org/resource/financial-projections-template

A "lean" startup is a special case ... the venture is basically trying to launch and operate below the minimum level of funding need to become stable. Think of it as an experiment. There are things to be learned in a lean venture, and often the most important lesson is that the venture just isn't going to make it without a critical mass of resources. Another lesson is that money isn't the only answer. Too much money can actually be a bad thing, but usually not as bad as too little!

In general, the more money raised for a new venture, the faster that venture can become stable up to a point. Investors will often ask the range of funding the venture is seeking. What's the minimum level of funding to get it going and sustainable, and how long will it take? What's the minimum time to become stable, and how much funding will it take? And finally,  ... what does the venture team believe is the optimal trade-off between time and money?

A little humor: I once made a presentation to a group of "friendly" investors. Call them "friendly" because they already knew us (the management team). The investors had put a good deal of money into our venture, and were (currently) satisfied with the results. Now, we were seeking to raise new money for a spin-off.

In my presentation, I said we needed to raise $x million and it would take us about y months to get the new venture stable (consistently break-even) and sustainable. One of the investors asked what could happen if they put in half the money we were seeking. I said the venture could still probably make it but it would take so many months longer to stabilize, but that level of funding was still above the failure threshold.

The same investor then asked what could happen if we were able to raise three times the money we were seeking. The "wise guy" in me came to the surface. I said that level of funding was way above the amount needed to make it to the shortest possible time to stability, and that the management team would take the excess funds and all buy Porsches because the venture didn't need the money!  I point out again that these were "friendly" investors and I knew they had a sense of humor! They didn't throw me out the door. Rather, they had a good laugh and said those were exactly the "right" answers ... they were just testing the management team to make sure we knew where the end-caps really were!

--Jim

[1.07]

Innovation Hot Spots

While innovation is often associated with new products, new gizmogadgets, a broader perspective shows innovation occurring in many areas of a business and often has little or nothing to do with products.

Here are some key areas of innovation opportunity for a business venture ...

1. Products (yes, still high on the list, of course!)
2. Services
3. Processes
4. Business methods
5. Business model
6. Revenue model
7. Positioning (relative to the competition)
8. Paradigm (a combination of several innovation areas)

[1.10]

Tips for Writing a Venture Plan

1. Tell your story, tell it quickly, and tell the truth.
2. Make sure that on every page the reader gets the information you want them to get.
3. Creativity helps, but scale it back and be traditional with your headings and your formatting.
4. Use talking headings to send the reader in the desired direction.
5. Brand your pages; use appropriate colors; use images and charts and graphs to help reader understand key points; write short paragraphs; use headings that help the reader follow the story you are telling; caption your charts/graphs; use graphics to highlight your sentences and use sentences to explain the graphics. 
6. Avoid fluff.
7. Cite your sources. 
8. Every paragraph should represent a discrete chunk of information. Every paragraph needs a thesis sentence. This is normally the first sentence. The middle of the paragraph should add important information to elaborate on the main point. The last sentence of each paragraph should tie up the specific chunk of information and direct the reader to the next chunk of information in the next paragraph. The reader should know all of your main points by 'reading the first and last sentence of every paragraph.
9. When using bullets or other formatting maneuvers, decide what you want to emphasize, then use the appropriate marking words or graphics. To emphasize importance, for example, use words or phrases that indicate value; if you emphasize time, then use words that indicate chronology. Make sure that the mixture of bullets and numbers you choose conveys the right tone.
10. To proofread, print a copy and go through it out loud. Look for any place the reader stumbles out loud. Read it backwards if necessary. Have a friend outside of your team read it out loud and see where they get confused. Read slowly to catch basic errors. Allow adequate time to do all this ... it is time-consuming, so give yourself the time to become perfect.
11. When in doubt, check for rules of grammar and usage with a handbook. [Jim's 2 cents: Save Swing Jazz, Pelicans, and the Oxford Comma! ... Strunk and White, the Chicago Manual of Style, and the US Government agree!]

[Thank you, Randy Accetta]

[2.05]

An 18-slide Venture Plan Presentation

Slide 1: "Billboard"

Slide 2: Core Team ... who, what

Slide 3: Problem / Customer / Opportunity ... scale and scope of problem, SOM/SAM/TAM

Slide 4: Solution ... brochure

Slide 5: Value Proposition ... Customer NWD Profile, Benefits, FFFF

Slide 6: "Underlying Magic"... differentiation, competitive advantages, core competencies

Slide 7: Industry and Environment ... Who, What, SWOT

Slide 8: Competitive Analysis ... Who, What, SWOT

Slide 9: Business Model ... BM canvas

Slide 10: Go-to-Market Plan ... Strategies

Slide 11: Sales Plan ... Objectives

Slide 12: Operations ... Production, distribution, delivery, margin objectives

Slide 13: Growth Strategies ... Scale and Scope

Slide 14: Timeline ... What, when, where

Slide 15: Financial Objectives and Key Metrics ...

Slide 16: Use of Funds ...

Slide 17: Funding Proposal ... Equity, debt, grants, gifts

Slide 18: "Billboard"

---

Slides 19 to 100+ will have all the gory details!! Lists of 100: customers, prospective customers, target markets, competitors, prospective collaborators, suppliers, prospective investors, ...

These 18 slides also form the foundation for a formal written business plan and an executive summary.

How to Start a New Venture

Go on a DXpedition ...

The Desire Phase ...
Determine why you (and your teammates) want to start a new venture

The Discover Phase ...

Form initial core entrepreneurial team
Identify problems or opportunities

The Define Phase ...
Screen problems or opportunities

Define the value proposition

The Design Phase ...
Generate potential solutions
Create a business venture hypothesis
Design a business venture plan

The Deploy Phase ...
Acquire needed resources
Launch the venture

The Develop Phase ...
Test, validate, and refine the venture hypothesis
Develop and iterate the venture based on real customer experiences

Ten Legal-Issue Mistakes That Entrepreneurs Make

1. Failing to incorporate early enough.
2. Issuing founder shares without vesting.
3. Hiring a lawyer not experienced in dealing with entrepreneurs and venture capitalists.
4. Failing to make a timely Section 83(b) election.
5. Negotiating venture capital financing based solely on the valuation.
6. Waiting to consider international intellectual property protection.
7. Disclosing inventions without a nondisclosure agreement, or before the patent application is filed.
8. Starting a business while employed by a potential competitor, or hiring employees without first checking their agreements with the current employer and their knowledge of trade secrets.
9. Promising more in the business plan than can be delivered and failing to comply with state and federal securities laws.
10. Thinking any legal problems can be solved later.

[Thank you, Connie Bagley]

[4.95]

Perspectives on Corporate Entrepreneurship

1. Companies must constantly innovate ... without innovation they tend to do what they've always done and run the risk of getting stale and becoming competitively disadvantaged.
2. For a company to thrive, it must tap the individual initiative of its team members ... this must be a major area of focus.
3. On any initiative being pursued, team-member buy-in is absolutely essential for success.
4. If a company want its people to be intrapreneurial in their thinking, they must be kept well informed about the company's processes and visions, and the impact of these processes and visions on profit.
5. Leaders must give team members everything they need to be self-motivated and take the initiative to succeed.
6. Companies must reward the creativity of their people.
7. If a team member owns an initiative, he or she should be accountable for all aspects of its success.
8. Companies must encourage resourcefulness and out-of-the-box thinking.
9. All thought leaders must be constantly focused on customer needs and now to satisfy and exceed them.
10. Leaders and managers must work to maximize team-member involvement in all key initiatives to tap the collective intellect of the team.

[Thank you, The One Minute Entrepreneur]

Are We Shooting Down Good Ideas?

1. You know whether or not an idea is good based who proposed it.
2. You observe from a distance rather than being lead down a path to the idea. (a.k.a. The Sniper)
3. You believe every idea is improved with your input.
4. Listing the top 10 ideas from your organization this year, half or more are your own.
5. Brainstorming means narrowing down to the best idea, instead of hearing all of them.
6. All ideas must be proven.
7. You only want BIG ideas.
8. You have no effective mechanisms to foster, collect, review, and implement ideas.
9. Your competition is your main source of ideas.
10. No matter how much you've talked about ideas, collected them, praised them, in the end you don't use them. (Like a maimed duck, you let them wander off and die.)

[Thank you, Dustin Staiger]

Perspectives on the Nature of Entrepreneurship

1. Creation of Wealth ... assume risks in exchange for profit
2. Creation of Enterprise ... founding a new business where none existed before
3. Creation of Innovation ... making existing products or methods obsolete
4. Creation of Change ... adjusting, adapting, modifying to meet new opportunities
5. Creation of Employment ... employing, managing, developing the factors of production
6. Creation of Value ... creating value for customers by exploiting untapped opportunities
7. Creation of Growth ... sales, income, assets, and employment

[Thank you, Michael H. Morris]

Highlights of an Effective Venture Plan

1. Start with a clear, concise executive summary of your venture. Think of it like an elevator pitch. In no more than two pages, billboard all the important stuff. At the top, communicate your value proposition: what your venture does, how it will make money, and why customers will want to pay for your product or service. If you are sending your plan to investors, include the amount of money you need and how you plan to use it. You have to know the whole picture before you can boil things down, so tackle the summary after finishing the rest of your plan.
2. Next, establish the market opportunity. Answer questions like: How large is your target market? How fast is it growing? Where are the opportunities and threats, and how will you deal with them? Again, highlight your value proposition. Most of this market information can be found through industry associations, chambers of commerce, census data or even from other business owners. (Be sure to source all of your information in case you are asked to back up your claims or need to update your business plan.)
3. While you may have convinced yourself that your product or service is unique, don't fall into that trap. Instead, get real and size up the competition: Who are they? What do they sell? How much market share do they have? Why will customers choose your product or service instead of theirs? What are the barriers to entry? Remember to include indirect competitors--those with similar capabilities that currently cater to a different market but could choose to challenge you down the road.
4. Now that you've established your idea, start addressing the execution ... specifically, your team. Include profiles of each of your business's founders, partners or officers and what kinds of skills, qualifications and accomplishments they bring to the table. (Include resumes in an appendix.)
5. If potential investors have read this far, it's time to give them the nuts and bolts of your business model. This includes a detailed description of all revenue streams (product sales, advertising, services, licensing) and the company's cost structure (salaries, rent, inventory, maintenance). Be sure to list all assumptions and provide a justification for them. Also, include names of key suppliers or distribution partners.
6. After all of that, one big question still remains: Exactly how much money will your venture earn? More important, when will the cash come in the door? That's why you need a section containing past financial performance (if your company is a going concern) and financial projections.
7. Three-year forward-looking profit-and-loss, balance sheet and cash-flow statements are a must ... as is a break-even analysis that shows how much revenue you need to cover your initial investment.
8. For early stage companies with only so much in the bank, the cash-flow statement comparing quarterly receivables to payables is most critical. "Everyone misunderstands cash flow," says Tim Berry, president of business-plan software company Palo Alto Software. "People think that if they plan for [accounting] profits, they'll have cash flow. But many companies that go under are profitable when they die, because profits aren't cash."
9. After you've buffed your plan to a shine, don't file it away to gather dust. "A business plan is the beginning of a process," says Berry. "Planning is like steering, and steering means constantly correcting errors. The plan itself holds just a piece of the value; it's the going back and seeing where you were wrong and why that matters."

[Thank you, Mary Crane]

[2.17]

Potential Sources of Venture Funding

1. The "Fs" ... founders, family, friends, fanatics, fools ... the starting point for most independent ventures ... generally low to moderate sophistication, low to moderate investment ...
2. Bootstrapping ...
3. Customers ...
4. Suppliers ...
5. The "Strangers with Candy" ... angels, investment clubs ... wide range of investment interest and sophistication, generally low to moderate investment ...
6. The "Vulture Capitalists" (VCs) ... venture capital firms ... usually focused on a specific industry ... moderate to high sophistication ... a mistaken target for many new ventures, very few new ventures are funded directly by VCs ...
7. The "Big Ugly Monsters" (BUMs) ... corporate venture capital ... usually focused on specific industries and proven ventures ... may fund internally-developed ventures ... often part of a angel/VC network of investors ...
8. Corporations ...
9. Bank loans ...

[4.16]

Google Design Principles

1. Focus on people - their lives, their work, their dreams.
2. Every millisecond counts.
3. Simplicity is powerful.
4. Engage beginners and attract experts.
5. Dare to innovate.
6. Design for the world.
7. Plan for today's and tomorrow's business.
8. Delight the eye without distracting the mind.
9. Be worthy of people's trust.
10. Add a human touch.

[Attribution: Sue Factor, User Experience Group, Google]

Waterfall Veture Planning

1. Vision ... "We will change the way someone does something!" [Be specific, 100 words or less: Who is someone? What is the something? Why are you going to change the way it is being done now? How?]
2. Mission ... "We will earn a profit solving customer problems better than the competition!" [Be specific, 100 words or less: Who are the target customers? What are their problems? How will you solve them? What is the competition? How are you better? What will you do to earn the business? How will you make a profit? How much?]
3. Goals ... "In five years, we will ..." [What are your three most important goals?]
4. Objectives ... "To reach our goals, we must accomplish these objectives ..." [What are the three most important objectives for each goal that must be accomplished in the next six months?]
5. Strategies ... "To accomplish our objectives, we will do this better than our competition ..." [What methods will you use to reach your objectives?]
6. Tactics ... "To implement our strategies, we will do these things ..." [What three procedures will you use to carry out your strategies?]
7. Tasks ... "To execute our tactics, we will ... " [What three things must be done to realize your tactics?]
8. Assignments ... "Here's who is going to do what and when ... " [Who are the best people for each task?]

[6.17]

Ten Entrepreneurship Myths

1. It takes a lot of money to finance a new business. Not true. The typical start-up only requires about $25,000 to get going. The successful entrepreneurs who don’t believe the myth design their businesses to work with little cash. They borrow instead of paying for things. They rent instead of buy. And they turn fixed costs into variable costs by, say, paying people commissions instead of salaries.
2. Venture capitalists are a good place to go for start-up money. Not unless you start a computer or biotech company. Computer hardware and software, semiconductors, communication, and biotechnology account for 81 percent of all venture capital dollars, and seventy-two percent of the companies that got VC money over the past fifteen or so years. VCs only fund about 3,000 companies per year and only about one quarter of those companies are in the seed or start-up stage. In fact, the odds that a start-up company will get VC money are about one in 4,000. That’s worse than the odds that you will die from a fall in the shower.
3. Most business angels are rich. If rich means being an accredited investor –a person with a net worth of more than $1 million or an annual income of $200,000 per year if single and $300,000 if married – then the answer is “no.” Almost three quarters of the people who provide capital to fund the start-ups of other people who are not friends, neighbors, co-workers, or family don’t meet SEC accreditation requirements. In fact, thirty-two percent have a household income of $40,000 per year or less and seventeen percent have a negative net worth.
4. Start-ups can’t be financed with debt. Actually, debt is more common than equity. According to the Federal Reserve’s Survey of Small Business Finances, fifty-three percent of the financing of companies that are two years old or younger comes from debt and only forty-seven percent comes from equity. So a lot of entrepreneurs out there are using debt rather than equity to fund their companies.
5. Banks don’t lend money to start-ups. This is another myth. Again, the Federal Reserve data shows that banks account for sixteen percent of all the financing provided to companies that are two years old or younger. While sixteen percent might not seem that high, it is three percent higher than the amount of money provided by the next highest source – trade creditors – and is higher than a bunch of other sources that everyone talks about going to: friends and family, business angels, venture capitalists, strategic investors, and government agencies.
6. Most entrepreneurs start businesses in attractive industries. Sadly, the opposite is true. Most entrepreneurs head right for the worst industries for start-ups. The correlation between the number of entrepreneurs starting businesses in an industry and the number of companies failing in the industry is 0.77. That means that most entrepreneurs are picking industries in which they are most likely to fail.
7. The growth of a start-up depends more on an entrepreneur’s talent than on the business he chooses. Sorry to deflate some egos here, but the industry you choose to start your company has a huge effect on the odds that it will grow. Over the past twenty years or so, about 4.2 percent of all start-ups in the computer and office equipment industry made the Inc 500 list of the fastest growing private companies in the U.S. 0.005 percent of start-ups in the hotel and motel industry and 0.007 percent of start-up eating and drinking establishments made the Inc. 500. That means the odds that you will make the Inc 500 are 840 times higher if you start a computer company than if you start a hotel or motel. There is nothing anyone has discovered about the effects of entrepreneurial talent that has a similar magnitude effect on the growth of new businesses.
8. Most entrepreneurs are successful financially. Sorry, this is another myth. Entrepreneurship creates a lot of wealth, but it is very unevenly distributed. The typical profit of an owner-managed business is $39,000 per year. Only the top ten percent of entrepreneurs earn more money than employees. And the typical entrepreneur earns less money than he otherwise would have earned working for someone else.
9. Many start-ups achieve the sales growth projections that equity investors are looking for. Not even close. Of the 590,000 or so new businesses with at least one employee founded in this country every year, data from the U.S. Census shows that less than 200 reach the $100 million in sales in six years that venture capitalists talk about looking for. About 500 firms reach the $50 million in sales that the sophisticated angels, like the ones at Tech Coast Angels and the Band of Angels talk about. In fact, only about 9,500 companies reach $5 million in sales in that amount of time.
10. Starting a business is easy. Actually it isn’t, and most people who begin the process of starting a company fail to get one up and running. Seven years after beginning the process of starting a business, only one-third of people have a new company with positive cash flow greater than the salary and expenses of the owner for more than three consecutive months.

[Thank you, Scott Shane]